Compared to castings, forging improves the microstructure and mechanical properties of metals. 1. After hot working deformation via forging, the original coarse dendrites and columnar grains in the cast metal are transformed into finer, more uniform equiaxed recrystallized grains due to deformation and recrystallization. This compacts and welds inconsistencies such as segregation, porosity, pores, and inclusions within the ingot, resulting in a denser microstructure and improved plasticity and mechanical properties.
Important parts in related machinery that bear high loads and operate under harsh conditions are often forged, except for simpler shapes that can be made from rolled plates, profiles, castings, and welded parts. Forging is one of the main processing methods for providing blanks for mechanical parts in the machinery manufacturing industry. Through forging, not only can the shape of mechanical parts be obtained, but the internal structure of the metal can also be improved, enhancing its mechanical and physical properties. For most important mechanical parts that are subjected to high stress and have high requirements, forging is the most common manufacturing method. For example, important parts such as turbine generator shafts, rotors, impellers, blades, retaining rings, large hydraulic press columns, high-pressure cylinders, rolling mill rolls, internal combustion engine crankshafts, connecting rods, gears, bearings, and artillery in the defense industry are all produced by forging.
The general sequence of hot die forging is: billet blanking, billet heating, roll forging preparation, die forging, trimming, cleaning, punching, straightening, etc.
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