Aluminum alloys, with aluminum as the base and the addition of certain amounts of other alloying elements, are a type of lightweight metal material. In addition to the general properties of aluminum, aluminum alloys also possess specific alloying characteristics due to variations in the types and amounts of alloying elements added. Aluminum alloys have a density of 2.63–2.85 g/cm³, high strength (σb = 110–650 MPa), a specific strength approaching that of high-alloy steel, a specific stiffness exceeding that of steel, good casting and plastic processing properties, good electrical and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance and weldability, and can be used as structural materials. They have wide applications in aerospace, aviation, transportation, construction, electromechanical, light chemical, and daily consumer goods.
Cast aluminum alloys are classified into medium-strength alloys based on Al-Si and Al-Si-Mg-Cu; high-strength alloys based on Al-Cu; corrosion-resistant alloys based on Al-Mg; and heat-resistant alloys based on Al-Re. Most aluminum alloy castings require heat treatment to strengthen the alloy, eliminate internal stress, stabilize the microstructure, and refine part dimensions.
Aluminum alloy castings are mainly used to manufacture beams, gas turbine blades, pump bodies, brackets, wheel hubs, and engine casings. They are also used to manufacture cylinder heads, gearboxes, pistons, instrument housings, and turbocharger pump bodies for automobiles.
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